The VFX studio animates Disney+ series’ AI-driven character’s sinister transformation from friendly to deranged, delivering more than 125 shots, while also creating Loki’s green energy blasts and a digital extension to represent a blighted, working-class section of Chicago.
Rising Sun Pictures (RSP) served as a key visual effects provider for Season 2 of Marvel and Disney+’s hugely popular series Loki. The VFX studio animated Miss Minutes, an AI-driven character that takes the form of an orange clock that appears throughout the series. RSP worked under the supervision of Marvel visual effects supervisors Christopher Townsend and Sandra Balej and visual effects producer Allison Paul. They were the sole vendor working on Miss Minutes.
A fan favorite, Miss Minutes appeared in Loki’s debut season, but her role grows considerably in Season 2, undergoing a sinister transformation.
“She changes from a happy, charming AI assistant to one that is angry, power-hungry, and, ultimately, deranged,” explained RSP VFX supervisor Julian Hutchens. “She becomes more and more out of control.”
Miss Minutes sometimes appears as an image on a screen but often pops up out of the blue as a freestanding hologram. Although superficially low-tech, she is the product of sophisticated technology. “She is her own light source and projector,” added Hutchens. “She’s transparent but also light-emitting. If there’s polished metal in the room, she casts a reflection. It was fun playing with the notion that she occupies her own world, her own space, even as she is standing on a table or touching something real.”
Inspired by vintage cartoons such as Felix the Cat, Miss Minutes' character displays a range of emotions and psychological depth. The artists drew inspiration from Tara Strong, the actress who voices the character.
“We were provided video reference of Tara delivering her lines and used her expressions as a guide,” recalled Hutchens. “But that was just the starting point. We also had to consider where Miss Minutes was in the frame, what she was doing, who was she looking at, what was on her mind.”
Artists suggested Miss Minutes’ thought processes and mood swings through subtle changes in expression and movement—a curve of the lip or a flick of the wrist.
“We tried to bring out the human element,” explained RSP CG supervisor Mathew Mackereth. “We’d ask ourselves, ‘What is she thinking?’ That became the bedrock of each shot, and we built from there. A shrug of the shoulders or a shift in position can convey a lot. So, the naivety and simplicity of the character were actually plusses. We could lean into her facial features and create a character with range and nuance.”
“Miss Minutes is a 3D character that’s meant to look hand-drawn,” added Mackereth. “You see it in the way the eyes work, the way they pop, the malleability of the mouth. Those details are relatively easy to draw, but hard to engineer. It was a grueling process, but our animators loved it. We’re a VFX studio, but on this project, we functioned more like an animation team.”
In one episode, Miss Minutes travels back in time to 1893 Chicago, when the city hosted the World Columbian Exposition and its display of what was then cutting-edge technology. In doing so, her appearance changes, taking on the look of the early animation of the period.
“She flips a switch, spins around, and becomes a black-and-white version of herself,” noted Hutchens. “Her face design changes. Her eyes become simpler, with triangle cutouts like Betty Boop. We also added jitter and other imperfections to give her image the endearing, throwback quality of early animation.”
Compositors worked to preserve Miss Minutes’ features while making her feel part of the surrounding world.
“Integrating her into the plates was always a challenge,” said comp supervisor Liu Chorna. “In some scenes, we wanted to emphasize her physical presence by showing how she affects objects around her—a newspaper that swishes when she enters the room. On the other hand, we brought out her transparency with her light spilling into the background.”
“We were going for the look of an old projector,” added Chorna. “So, in every scene, we adjusted her lighting to reflect how she would look if projected into that real-world environment. We also added high-speed flickering, as a projector would. All types of subtle work was needed to make her feel like she was a part of each scene.”
As the season progresses, Miss Minutes’ behavior becomes stranger and more erratic. In episode three, she assumes a ghostly appearance and grows to immense size, frightening a crowd attending the exposition. In a later episode, she begins to seriously malfunction.
“We wanted to show her passing through a series of states of stress,” recalled Hutchens. “We show her glitching more and more as her processing goes awry. Ultimately, we built a 3D rig and used it to create a skeleton of ASCII code, as if her whole body were made up of ones and zeros. The sequence builds until she fails completely.”
In addition to Miss Minutes, RSP’s effects artists added Tesla sparks, smoke, and other effects to the “time loom” Victor Timely (He Who Remains) displays at the exposition. The team also created Loki’s signature green energy blasts, used in several scenes. Most notably, the studio created a digital extension of an elaborate practical set representing a blighted, working-class section of Chicago. Drawing on various archival references, artists reproduced wood-frame tenements, trash-strewn streets, and other environmental features typical of the era.
Throughout the months-long project, RSP closely communicated with Marvel’s production team.
“The direction we received from production was superb,” said Mackereth. “They were clear in what they wanted from Miss Minutes in terms of emotion and story points in every scene and shot. How we got her there was up to us. It was a great collaboration.”
RSP VFX producer Rachel Copp explained that the studio’s approach yielded similar relationships with other VFX vendors.
“The communication was excellent,” said Copp. “Visual effects has become a global industry, and it’s very rewarding to interact with colleagues on the other side of the world in such a productive way. Everyone was mutually supportive and very good at getting assets to whomever needed them.”
Noting that RSP delivered more than 125 shots, Copp added, “It was wonderful. Marvel’s team, Chris, Sandra, and Allison, were super organized and had a clear vision. There were no delays. We finished on time, without going down to the wire, just as it was meant to. It’s been really good.”
“Fans are going to enjoy getting reacquainted with Miss Minutes,” concluded Hutchins. “We stuck to the design principles established in the first season but go deeper into her character with results that are surprising, visually compelling and fun. It’s been quite a creative journey.”
Source: Rising Sun Productions
Debbie Diamond Sarto is news editor at Animation World Network.
